What are the structural characteristics of door hinges
Source：
5a54.com Release date： 2025年12月22日
Information summary：The structural characteristics of door hinges are designed around four core requirements: rotational flexibility, connection stability, load-bearing reliability, and installation adaptability. Different types of hinges have slight differences in structure, but they are composed of basic components and functional structures as a whole, as follows:
The structural characteristics of door hinges are designed around four core requirements: rotational flexibility, connection stability, load-bearing reliability, and installation adaptability. Different types of hinges have slight differences in structure, but they are composed of basic components and functional structures as a whole, as follows:
1、 The basic structural composition of door hinges
Regardless of the type of hinge, it contains the following core components, which are the foundation for achieving the "connection+rotation" function:
1. Articulated arm (articulated arm)
Divided into fixed arm and movable arm, the fixed arm is connected to the door frame/cabinet through screws, and the movable arm is connected to the door leaf; The thickness and length of the arm directly determine the load-bearing capacity of the hinge. The hinge arm of heavy-duty door hinges will adopt thickened or reinforced design (such as reinforced structure).
2. Pin shaft (pivot shaft)
The core rotating component that runs through the hinge arm is the key to achieving the opening and closing of the door leaf; The material is mostly stainless steel or carbon steel chrome plated, with a smooth and wear-resistant surface. Some hinge pins are quenched to improve hardness and wear resistance.
3. hinged cup (cup-shaped base)
Commonly seen in cup-shaped hinges (such as cabinet door hinges), embedded in the reserved holes of the door leaf and connected to the movable arm, its diameter (such as 35mm, 26mm) is a key parameter for adapting to the thickness of the door leaf; Heavy duty door hinges often adopt a flat plate connection structure and a hinge free cup design.
4. Bearings/bushings
Installed at the contact area between the pin shaft and the hinge arm, reducing rotational friction and improving the smoothness of opening and closing; Common types include nylon bushings (quiet, low-cost), ball bearings (strong load-bearing, durable, suitable for wooden and metal doors), and hinges that use a dual ball bearing structure.
5. Base and adjustment mechanism
The connecting structure at the end of the fixed arm includes three-dimensional adjusting screws (left and right, up and down, front and back adjustment), which can fine tune the gap between the door leaf and the door frame to solve the installation error problem; The base is divided into detachable and fixed types, and the detachable base is convenient for later maintenance and replacement.
2、 Differentiated structural characteristics of different types of door hinges
According to the application scenarios (cabinet doors, room doors, heavy industrial doors), the structure of hinges will be optimized accordingly
1. Cabinet door cup-shaped hinge (civilian furniture category)
Hidden structure: The hinge cup is embedded in the door leaf, the hinge arm can be folded and hidden, and there are no exposed parts after closing the door, with strong aesthetics;
Angle adaptation design: The regular model has an opening and closing angle of 90 °~110 °, while the large angle model can reach 165 °~180 °, meeting the opening and closing needs of special cabinet doors (such as corner cabinets);
Buffer damping structure: Equipped with hydraulic or pneumatic dampers, it achieves silent buffering through the resistance of damping oil during opening and closing, avoiding the door leaf from hitting the door frame.
2. Door hinges (entrance doors, interior doors)
Flat plate structure: no hinge cup, composed of two flat plates with pin shafts, directly fixed to the outside of the door leaf and door frame by screws;
Thickened and widened design: hinge arm thickness ≥ 3mm, width ≥ 25mm, suitable for the load-bearing requirements of solid wood doors and anti-theft doors. Some styles will add anti slip teeth on the hinge arm to enhance connection stability;
Rust proof sealing structure: The outdoor door hinge will be made of all stainless steel material, and a sealing gasket will be added at the pin shaft to prevent rainwater from seeping in and causing rust and jamming.
3. Heavy industrial door hinges (factory doors, garage doors, fireproof doors)
Heavy load bearing structure: The hinge arm adopts integrated forging technology, and the pin shaft is thickened (diameter ≥ 10mm). Some styles will be designed with double pin shafts or multiple hinge arms in parallel, with a bearing capacity of up to several hundred kilograms;
Limit positioning structure: Built in limit block, can correctly control the opening and closing angle of the door leaf (such as 90 ° limit), preventing excessive opening and closing from damaging the door frame;
Fireproof and thermal insulation structure: The hinge of the fireproof door is filled with fireproof and thermal insulation materials, and the gap between the hinge arm and the pin shaft is small, which can delay the spread of fire and meet the fire certification standards.
3、 The universal structural advantage of door hinges
Low rotational friction, smooth opening and closing: Through optimized design of bearings/bushings, the rotational resistance is small, the door leaf opens and closes without jamming, and the service life can reach tens of thousands of times or more.
The connection is firm and not easy to loosen: The screw holes of the fixed arm are mostly designed with countersunk heads, matched with expansion screws or self tapping screws, which can tightly bite the door frame/leaf, and are not easy to deform and fall off after long-term use.
Strong adaptability and flexible installation: The three-dimensional adjustment mechanism is compatible with different installation errors and can adapt to door leaves and frames of different thicknesses; Partial hinges support left/right door compatibility without distinguishing directions.
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